Nounforgeries
From Wiktionary under the GNU Free Documentation License. Forgery is the process of making, adapting, or imitating objects, statistics, or documents (see false document), with the intent to deceive. The similar crime of fraud is the crime of deceiving another, including through the use of objects obtained through forgery. Copies, studio replicas, and reproductions are not considered forgeries, though they may later become forgeries through knowing and willful misrepresentations. In the case of forging money or currency it is more often called counterfeiting. But consumer goods are also counterfeits when they are not manufactured or produced by designated manufacture or producer given on the label or flagged by the trademark symbol. When the object forged is a record or document it is often called a false document. In the 16th century imitators of Albrecht Dürer's style of printmaking improved the market for their own prints by signing them "AD", making them forgeries. In the 20th century the art market made forgeries highly profitable. There are widespread forgeries of especially valued artists, such as drawings originally by Picasso, Klee, and Matisse. A special case of double forgery is the forging of Vermeer's paintings by Han van Meegeren and in its turn the forging of Van Meegeren's work by his son Jacques van Meegeren. This usage of 'forgery' does not derive from metalwork done at a 'forge', but it has a parallel history. A sense of "to counterfeit" is already in the Anglo-French verb forger "falsify." Forgery is one of the techniques of fraud, including identity theft. Forgery is one of the threats addressed by security engineering. A forgery is essentially concerned with a produced or altered object. Where the prime concern of a forgery is less focused on the object itself— what it is worth or what it "proves"— than on a tacit statement of criticism that is revealed by the reactions the object provokes in others, then the larger process is a hoax. In a hoax, a rumor or a genuine object "planted" in a concocted situation, may substitute for a forged physical object. From Wikipedia under the
GNU Free Documentation License  thesop.org (John G. Kays) Sun, 10 May 2009 18:35:32 GM I am still pained today by the slaying of John Kennedy in downtown Dallas, all those years ago. I began to study this case in earnest in the mid-1970s, where so many anomalies in the investigation could be observed.  inewspad.com admin hu, 20 May 2010 03:51:17 GM A male has been charged after a examine in to the purported sale of . forgeries. of design by artist Tracey Emin. It is accepted the Metropolitan Police's humanities and antiques section was alerted after the equipment were sole on online ...  news.antiwar.com Jason Ditz Wed, 24 Mar 2010 02:23:02 GM Britain Ousts Israeli Diplomat Over Dubai . Forgeries. | Israeli officials slam British 'hypocrisy' From Google Blog Search: "forgeries"  philat.com 613px x 1075px | 349.30kB [source page] 1862 Issue 1 Cuarto Real Forgeries Black on Yellow Paper 1 4 Real Negro en papel amarillo  scc-online.org 488px x 1496px | 128.00kB [source page] Finland The Oval Issues The Problem of Forgeries An Exhibit in Progress Continued Figure 36 Three of the 10 kop 1892 Lithographed Reprints  scc-online.org 404px x 960px | 456.00kB [source page] Comparing these with for example the Fournier forgeries which are typically with Fournier s forged WIBORG box cancel with the unreadable dating Figure 3 Fournier s best Forgery From Yahoo Image Search: "forgeries" What are some examples of forgery in the fields of art and history? Q. Where can I go to get information about some situations that there has been forgery in the fields of art and history? If you can provide where you got the information. Please. Thanks. Asked by Nessa - Tue Jan 22 22:27:49 2008 - - 2 Answers - 1 Comments A. Perhaps the most famous case of forgery is a painting called "Christ and the Disciples at Emmaus" that was painted by Han van Meegeren in the 1940s. He passed it off as an original by the 17th century Dutch painter Vermeer. For awhile he was able to fool the art world. He sold pictures that he painted to the Nazis during World War II as original works of art. He passed off five other paintings as Vermeers. After the War he was put on trial for collaborating with the Nazis. He admitted that he forged the pictures. Scientific evidence confirmed this. He was then put on trial, convicted of fraud, and sentenced to a year in prison. But he died before he went to prison. He was bitter about not being accepted as a great artist and wanted to get… [cont.] Answered by harveymac1336 - Thu Jan 24 13:01:07 2008 What does the court need to prove forgery? Q. I am a criminal justice major and I was wondering what the court actually needs to prove forgery. I know the general elements, but what does the state actually need to provide to prove some forged a check and that a specific person committed the act. Asked by crystal j - Thu Nov 2 16:59:01 2006 - - 4 Answers - 0 Comments A. (1) As a criminal justice major, you certainly know that the 'court' doesn't prove anything. The Court (or the jury) decides. the STATE (prosecutor, etc.) has the burden of proving all the elements in a criminal charge. (2) If you know the elements, then you know what the state has to prove. Your question is the METHOD of proof. There may be specific case law (i.e. it's a due process violation to be convicted of forgery without proof in hand of a forged document), but in general, the method of proof is whatever the prosecutor thinks it will take for the jury to convict. This could be eyewitness testimony: "I saw him write Bill Clinton's name on that check!" It could be forensic evidence (Check with Bill Clinton's name with defendant's… [cont.] Answered by Perdendosi - Thu Nov 2 17:11:17 2006 What is the penalty for forgery on a sales reciept for a credit card purchase in NJ?
Q. Someone falsely signed a sales reciept at a Kmart in Kearny, NJ using someone else's credit card. If charges are pressed, what is the penalty given? Asked by Sweetie - Fri Nov 23 20:01:54 2007 - - 2 Answers - 0 Comments A. Charges don't have to be pressed. The offense is a forgery,,, and a felony. If I recall, this crime could get the offender 5-25 years in prison in NJ. Answered by TxTopCop - Fri Nov 23 22:18:33 2007 From Yahoo Answer Search: "forgeries" |
